Surgical trainee performance is continually evaluated with a variety of validated tools. This body of evidence highlights the importance of effective teamwork in surgery and, due to the inability of surgeons to accurately self-assess their level of this essential skill, the need for NTS assessment. Furthermore, inadequate teamwork has been linked to a higher incidence of adverse events, whilst improvement of team-working ability with training correlates with reduced technical errors and perioperative mortality. These skills also have a direct impact on the technical performance of surgeons. Analysis of adverse events in surgery reveals deficiencies in nontechnical skills (NTS), the cognitive and interpersonal skills required for effective cooperation, as a major contributing factor to surgical errors. Effective teamwork is a vital component of minimising human error and maintaining high reliability, hence the importance of enhancing nontechnical performance of surgical teams. Recommendations from the current paper include integration of teamwork training and assessment into medical school curricula, standardised formal training of assessors to ensure accurate evaluation of nontechnical skill acquisition, and integration of concurrent technical and nontechnical skills training throughout training.ĭue to the sporadic and potentially catastrophic consequences of errors in surgery, the operating theatre environment has been described as a high-reliability organisation (HRO). Deficits in current surgical training pathways have prompted several recommendations to meet the evolving requirements of surgeons. The Nontechnical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) assessment was found to possess the highest level of validity from a variety of sources reliability and acceptability have also been established for this tool. Eight assessment tools which encompass aspects of teamwork were identified. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify teamwork assessment tools using MEDLINE (1946 to August 2015), EMBASE (1974 to August 2015), and PsycINFO (1806 to August 2015) databases. Furthermore, the present paper aims to review the deficiencies surrounding training and propose several recommendations to address these issues. This paper aims to provide an overview of these instruments and review the validity of each tool. Consequently, several teamwork assessment tools have been developed to evaluate trainee nontechnical performance. Deficiencies in teamwork skills have been shown to contribute to the occurrence of adverse events during surgery.
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